When
President George Washington arrived in Boston on Saturday, October 24, 1789 for
a stay of several days, an elated populous planned a grand procession that
would include prominent dignitaries and, of particular interest,
representatives of the various trades. 1
As
part of the preparation for the event, the artisans and tradesmen fabricated
banners to be carried in the procession. This is not surprising as a
significant number of tradespeople had participated in the Boston Tea Party,
many of them as young apprentices or journeymen. The banners were all the same
dimensions and represented the insignia or coat of arms of their trade. Two
examples survive in the collection of The Bostonian Society (www.bostonhistory.org): the Mastmakers and the Cordwainers.
The
participation of the Cordwainers, one of the trades that proudly displayed its
banner before the President, is particularly interesting. Modeled
on its centuries old counterpart, the Worshipful Company of Cordwainers one of London’s esteemed livery companies. It was formed in
1272 and a Royal Charter was granted in 1439 during the reign of King Henry VI.
The ancient guild system never took hold in the Colonies for a variety of
political and economic reasons. The Cordwainers probably came closest as they
were the only artisans to be granted a complete charter. Still, the ability to
set prices and support those in need via traditional charities was denied them
by local authority. The Cordwainers in the British Colonies were permitted to
have some jurisdiction over quality control and craftsmanship, and the
apprenticeship and indentures remained strong.
The
banner paraded by the city's proud shoe and bookmakers represented these
ancient traditions. The background
is silk with the ornament painted on freehand. While the figures are somewhat
awkward, they nonetheless exude a certain charm. And one must remember that the
banners were placed upon poles, above the throngs so would have been viewed at
a distance. The primary attributes of the Cordwainers coats of arms are
present, including the three goats heads (white goat leather from Spain) the
blue and gold field and flanking knights in armour.
Cordwainer
and leather worker, Matthew Loring had the honor of carrying the banner. Born
in 1751, he participated in the Boston Tea Party at age 21. He became a
respected member of the leatherworker’s
trade, conducting business on Devonshire and Brattle Street. He spent time in
the lucrative role of leather sealer, a peer appointed position. By the time of the President’s visit, he was a family man in his late 30s, with a young
daughter, Sarah. Loring married three times and had nine children, most of whom
lived to adulthood. He had means enough to send his daughter Hannah (1800-1842)
to Miss Perkin's Academy in Boston when she was 12 to learn
silk embroidery. The survival of Hannah’s
family genealogical register at the Metropolitan Museum of Art (www.metropolitanmuseum.org)
adds another rich material culture artifact to what little we currently
know of the family.
Her register painstakingly records not only the names of
Loring’s wives, but when they married, who they were
married by and the children from each. As of this writing, there are no shoes
identified as being made by his hands. Matthew Loring died November 7th, 1829
at the age of 70 and is buried in the Granary Burying Ground, Tomb 75.
Although
the cordwainer Loring did not leave a diary of the event as did his older
colleague, George Robert Twleves Hewes (1724-1840), the banner and his daughter’s needlework, throw a sliver of light onto the
place of shoemaking in early American society. Some historians have conventionally situated shoemaking at
the bottom rungs of economic endeavor. Yet, the banner used in the October 25
procession and his daughter’s embroidery convey a different
structure.
Each
banner had a small number in the corner, denoting the artisans place in the
procession—cordwainers were 12th and the mastmakers, 24th.
That these examples of what were most likely intended to be short-lived pieces
of ephemera have been preserved is a credit to the families and to The
Bostonian Society for maintaining them over the last century.
Kimberly Alexander, Ph.D.
University
of New Hampshire
Durham, USA
Notes
1. There
are numerous excellent accounts available on line which discuss President’s Washington’s visit to Boston the procession, John
Hancock’s “power
play” and so on. See www.Boston1775.blogspot.com; www.walkingboston.com; www.theamericanrevolution.org
Illustrations
1. Cordwainers Arms Washington Procession Banner
The Bostonian Society Catalog Number: 1910.0033
2. Worshipful Company of Cordwainers, Coat of Arms
Motto “Leather and Art”
3. Hannah Loring, Family Register sampler, 1812
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